Mechanical movement.



Patented Nq'v. 4, I902.

' D. H. HAYWOOD.

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT.

(Application filed Feb. 12, 1902.1 (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet I.

INVENTOR 4&1 ATTORNEYS THE NORRIS versus 00, PHOTO-LITHO., wAsmuaToN, u. c.

Patented Nov. 4, I902.

H. HAYWOOD. MECHANICAL MOVEMENT. (Appl eatlon filed Feb 12 1902) 2 Shanty-Shoe 2 (No Model.)

Z6 INVENTOR BY V AATTORNEYS WITNESSES:

UNITE STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DANIEL HOWARD HAYWOOD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 712,528, dated November 4, 1902. Application filed February 12, 1902. Serial No 93,676. (No modelA To all whom it mag concern: Be it known that I, DANIEL HOWARD HAY- WOOD, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain" new and useful Improvements in Mechanical Movements, of which the following is a specit fication, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

My invention relates to mechanical movements, and particularly to driving mechanism adapted to automatically vary the speed of drive, according to whether the driving mechanism is resisted or is overrun. My invention is'particularly adapted for use in connection with the driving mechanism of bicycles, and in the drawings forming a part of this specification I have illustrated my invention in connection with thehub of a bicycle-wheel. It will of course be understood that this is but one of the many uses of my invention and that I do not confine myself to the use of same in connection with a bicyclewheel, as I may obviously use it for driving vehicle-wheels of other descriptions, or I may use it in connection with stationary machinery, if desired, and one form of my invention so applied is illustrated in some of the figures of the drawings herewith.

My invention comprises two members,each adapted to be alternately employed as the driving andthe driven member, gearing therefor adapted 'to change the speed ratio between the members,-and a clutch mechanism for automatically connecting ihe'two said members to move ata different relative speed, according to which member is employed as the driving member.

The main object of my invention is to construct a driving mechanism so that it shall transmit motion at onespeed whenthe driving stress is resisted, butthat the relationship of speed between the driving and driven member shall be automaticallychanged when the driven member overruns the driving member. v h

WVhen applied to a bicycle,a predetermined relative speed may be transmitted from the driving-sprocket to the wheel in ordinary running, while when back-pedaling the remember 9.

latiohship of speed between the sprocket and the wheel maybe increased,wherebya greater leverage is obtained and greater effective power applied to hold the bicycle back as when running downhill.

My invention further consists in certain details of construction and combination of parts to be hereinafter more fully pointed out, and other objects of my invention will appear hereinafter.

I will now proceed to describe a driving mechanism embodying my invention, and will then point out the novel features in claims.

In the drawings, Figure l is a view in central section through abicycle-wheel hub, having a mechanical movement applied thereto embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a view in partial side elevation and partial section of same.- Fig. 3 is a sectional view upon the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 isa view of a modified construction embodying another form of my invention. Figs. 5 and 6 are views in cross-section upon the line 5 5 6 6, respectively, of Fig. 4.

Referring first of all to Figs. 1, 2, and 3, in which the device is shown in connection with a bicycle, the rear stays comprised in the frameof the machine are designated by the reference character 1 and the stationary rear axle by the reference character 2. 3 is the hub of the rear wheel and is normally the driven member. A sprocket-wheel 4 is shown and may be the ordinary form of rear sprocketwheel commonly employed as a portion of the driving means. The sprocket-wheel 4 is secured to or forms a part of a sleeve 5, suitably mounted upon bearings concentrically of the stationaryaxle 2. The hub 3 of the wheel has rigidly secured thereto or formed as an integral part thereof a gear-wheel 6, and said gear-wheel 6 connects, through intermediate gearing 7 witha gear -wheel 8, rigidly secured to an intermediate driving The intermediate member 9 surrounds the driving member 5 and is mounted to rotate concentrically therewith. Suitable ball-bearings are shown as provided, as is common for the running-gear of bicycles. The intermediate gearing 7 is mounted upon a rigid support 10, secured upon one of the rear stays 1 of the frame of the machine and maintained in positive engagement with the gear-wheels 6 and 8 by a link 11, which connects with the stationary axle 2.

The relationship of the gearing 6, 7, and 8 is such as to impart a relatively greater speed in the same direction to the sleeve or inter-- trolled by the sprocket the hub 3 is provided with a ring 12, rigidly secured thereto or formed as an integral part thereof, and the intermediate member 9 with a similar ring 13, arranged in close proximity thereto. The clutch in this example of my invention comprises a roller 14, having two cam projections 15 and 16. The cam projection 15 is adapted to engage with the periphery of the ring 12, While the cam 16 is adapted to engage with the periphery of the ring The roller 14 is provided with trunnions 17, mounted in slots -18 in the sprocket-body 4. A spring 19 normally tends to press the roller against the periphery of the said rings.

The operation of the device is as follows: In the forward driving of the bicycle the direction of the driving-sprocket 4 is in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 3. The tendency of the two rings 12 and 13 will be to remain stationary, due to inertia. The roller 14 be ing in frictional contact with the periphery of the rings 12 and 13 will cause the said roller to turn upon itself until the cam-surface 15, bearing upon the periphery of the ring 12, gradually raises the roller 14 against the tension of the spring 19 until the opposite side of the roller binds against. the inner wall of the clutch-housing carried by the sprocket. The effect will be to lock the sprocket 4'to the ring 12, and hence to the hub 3, so that the members will be carried in driving connection. The sprocket and hub will now rotate in unison. The sleeve 9 will also rotate in the same direction, but at a higher speed. The roller 14 will at this time be entirely clear from t he ring 13 of the said intermediate member, for the reason that the cam projection 16 willhave been moved-out of the way of the surface of the said ring and the roller itself lifted clear by the rolling-up action, due to the cam projection 15. If the bicycle overruns the driving mechanism and it is desired to back-pedalas, for instance, as when going down a hillthe relationship ofthe driving and the driven member will be reversed. The bicycle-wheel, and hence the hub 3, will become the driving member, while the sprocket-wheel 4 will become the driven member and against which resistance will beapplied. The first effect of the hub 3 overrunning the sprocket-wheel 4 will be to turn the roller 14 in the reverse direction to which it was formerly moved, as before explained, so as to release the cam projection 15 from engagement with the ring 12. As, however, the cam projection 15 leaves the surface ofthe ring 12 the cam projection16 will be brought into contact with the the ring 13 and continued movement will lock the clutch-roller 14 between the sprocketwheel and the ring 13 of the intermediate member 9, so that during back-pedaling connection will be made through theintermcdiate member, and by reason of the relationship of the gearing a greaterleverage will be obtained at such times and greater effective power applied for holding back the wheel than if the connection were directly between the sprocket 4 and the hub 3.

It will be seen that the action of the clutch is entirely automatic and that the sprocket 4 and hub 3 will be connected together, either directly or through the intermediate member, according to whether the sprocket or the hub is at. that moment the driving member. Further, by the construction of the clutch mechanism the members 3 and 4 will always be connected together directly or indirectlythat is to say, there will be no time at which the driving and driven members are entirely free of each other.

I have shown but one clutch-roller l4, and have shown plain rollers 20 and'2l at various points around the peripheries of the rings 12 and 13 in order that pressure maybe centralized and that no undue stress will be permitted upon the bearings; but it is of course obvious that I may use a plurality of clutch members if I so desire.

In applying my mechanical movement to bicycles or other vehicle-wheels it is advantageous to so arrange that the wheel or normal driven member shall rotate at less relative speed with respect. to the normal driving member at such times as the said wheel becomes the driving member than at'such times as the wheel is being driventhis because a greater purchase may be applied to transmit power when the wheel is being driven than when it is being held back, as by backpedaling. When, however, it is desired to use my invention in connection with certain classes of machinery, it may be advantageous to reverse such relationship of speedand to decrease the relationship of speed between the two members when overrunning rather than to increase the said speed. In Figs. 4, 5, and 6 of the drawings I have shown a construction in which the relationship of speed is so arranged. In these views the driving member 22 is secured upon a drive-shaft 23, and the normal driven member is arranged concentrically therewith and comprises a sleeve 24, having a gear-wheel 25, from which power may be taken. The intermediate member 26 is arranged concentrically of the other members and carries a gear-wheel 27. The

driven member 24 carries a similar gearwheel 28, and the gear-wheels 27 and 28 mesh with an internally-toothed gear-ring29, mounted to rotate in stationary bearings 30. Theintermediate member 26 has a movement in the same direction as the member 24, but at a relatively lower speed. Clutchrollers 31 are arranged between the driving member 22 andithe driven member 24,

while clutch-rollers 32 are arranged between the driving member 22 and the intermediate member 26. The operation of construction, as shown in these figures, is as follows: When the driving member is rotated in the direction of the arrows of Figs. 5 and 6, the clutch-rollers 31 will operate to secure the driven member 24 and the driving member 22 together, while the intermediate member 26 will rotate in the same direction, but at a lower speed, thereby permitting the clutchrollers 32 to run free. If, however, thenormal driven member 24 overruns the normal driving member 22, the clutch-rollers 31 will be freed, while the clutch-rollers 82 will be engaged. The member 24: will now become the driving member, which will by the relation of gearing 27, 28, and 29 rotate at a lower relative rate of speed than the member 22.

Itis obvious that many and various modifications of the. specific structures herein shown and described may be resorted to within the spirit and scope of my invention, and hence I do not desire to be restricted only to the precise details of construction and combination of parts herein set forth. It is also obvious that my improved mechanical movement has a wide range of applicability, and hence I do not desire to be restricted only to its use as a bicycle driving mechanism.

What I claim is- -1. The combination with two members, each adapted to be alternately employed as thedriving and the driven member, and gearing therefor, adapted to give a different rel-.

ative rate of speed to the said inembers, of an automatic clutch mechanism for automatically connecting the two said members to move at a different relative speed, according to which member is employed as the driving member.

2. The combination with two members, each, adapted to be alternately employed as the driving and the driven member, and gearing therefor, adapted to give a different relative rate of speed to the said members, of an automatic clutch mechanism for automatically connecting the two said members to move always in the same direction relatively to each other, butata different relative speed, according to which member is employed as the driving member.

3. The combination each adapted to be alternately employed as the driving and the driven membenand gearing therefor, adapted to give aditferent relative rate of speed to the said members, of

either directly, :or through the gearing, 9.0-]

with two members,

cording to which member is employed as the driving. member.

4. The combination with two members, each adapted to be alternately employed as the driving and the driven member, and gearing therefor, adapted to give a different rel-. ative rate of speed to the said members, of an automatic clutch mechanism arranged to automatically connect the two said members, either directly, or through the gearing, ac-

cording to whichinember is employed as the said members directly, or through the said intermediate member, accordingto which member is employed as thedriving member.

6. The combination with two members, each adapted to be alternately employed as the driving and the driven member, and'an intermediate member, of gearing connecting the said intermediate member and one of the twofirst said members together, whereby said intermediate member moves at a higher rate ofspeed than the member to which it is connected, and a clutch mechanismfor connecting the two first said members directly,or

through the said intermediate membeigaccording to which member is employed as the driving member.

7. The combination with two members, each adapted to be alternately employed as the driving and the driven member, and an intermediate member, of gearing connecting the said intermediatetmember and one of the twofirst said members together to move. at

different relative speeds, and an automatic clutch mechanism for connecting the two first said members directly, or through thesaid intermediate member, according to which member is employed as the driving membensaid members arranged to move always in the same direction relatively of each other.

8." The combination with two members, each adapted-tobe alternately employed as the driving. and the driven member, and an intermediate member, of gearing connecting the said intermediatemember and one of the two first said members together, whereby said intermediate member moves .at ahigher rate of speed than the member to which it is conneoted, and an automatic clutch mechanism for connecting the two first said members directly, or through the said intermediate member, according to which member is employed as thedriving member, said members arranged to move always in the same direction relatively of each other. i 9. The combination with a driving-member,

a driven member, and gearing therefor, adapted to give a difierent relative rate of speed to the said members, of an automatic clutch mechanism arranged to automatically connect the two members in driving connection at one speed, and in over-running connection at another speed. 7

10. The combination with a driving member, a driven member, and gearing therefor, adaptedto give a difi erent relative rate of speed to the said members, of an automatic clutch mechanism arranged to automatically connectthe two members directly, in driving connection, and through the said gearing in overrunning connection.

11. The combination with a driving member, a driven member, and gearing therefor, adapted to give a different relative rate of speed to the said members, of anautomatic clutch mechanism arranged to automatically connect the two members in driving connection at one speed, and in overrunning connection at another speed, but to move always in the same direction relatively of each other.

12. The combination with a driving member, a driven member, and gearing therefor, adapted to give a different relative rate of speed to the said members, of an automatic clutch mechanism arranged to automatically connect the two members directly, in driving connection, and through the said gearing in overrunning connection, but to move always in the same direction relatively of each other.

13. The combination with a rotatable driving member, of two members mounted to rotate concentrically therewith, gearing connecting two of said members to rotate at dififerent relative speeds, and an automatic clutch mechanism arranged to automatically connect one or other of the gear-connected members with the other said member, according to whether the said driving member is driving or being overrun.

14:. The combination with a rotatable driving member, of two members mounted to rotate concentrically therewith, gearing connecting two of said members to rotate at different relative speeds in the same direction, and an automatic clutch mechanism arranged to automatically connect one or other of the gear-connected members with the other said member, according to whether the said driving member is driving or being overrun.

15. The combination with arotatable driving member, of two members mounted to rotate concentrically therewith, gearing connecting said last two members to rotate at different relative speeds and an automatic clutch mechanism arranged to automatically connect one or other of the gear-connected members with the other said member, according to whether the said driving member is driving or being overrun.

16. The combination with a rotatable driving member, of two members mounted to rotate concentrically therewith, gearing connecting said last two members to rotate at different relative speeds in the same direction, and an automatic clutch mechanism arranged to automatically connect one or other of the gear-connected members with the other said member, according to whether the said driving member is driving or being overrun.

17.. The combination with a driving member, a driven member, and an intermediate member, all arranged to move always in the same direction with relation to each other, gearing connecting said intermediate member with one of the other said members whereby they move at different relative rates of speed, of an automatic clutch mechanism arranged to always automatically connect one or other of said gear-connected members with the other said member, whereby said driving and driven members are always connected, either directly, or indirectly.

18. The combination with a driving member, a driven member, and an intermediate member, all mounted and arranged to rotate concentrically of each other, and always in the same direction with relation to each other, gearing connecting said intermediate memher with one of the other said members whereby they move at different relative rates of speed, of an automatic clutch mechanism arranged to always automatically connect one or other of said gear-connected members with theother said member, whereby said driving and driven members are always connected, either directly, or indirectly.

19. The combination with a member adapted to be normally employed as a driving member, another member adapted to be normally employed as a driven member, and an intermediate member, of gearing connecting said intermediate member and one of the two said first-named members together, to move at different relative rates of speed, andan automatic clutch mechanism for automatically connecting the two first-named members together when normally employed, or for connecting said intermediate member with the other of said two first-named members, when the relationship of driving to driven member is reversed.

20. The combination with a member adapted to be normally employed as a driving member, another member adapted to be normally employed as a driven member, and an intermediate member, of gearing connecting said intermediate member and one of the two said first-named members together, whereby said intermediate member moves at a higher rate of speed than the member to which it is so connected, and an-automatic clutch mechanism for automatically connecting the' two first-named members together when normally employed, or for connecting said intermediate member with theother of said two first-named members, when the relationship of driving to driven member is reversed.

21. The combination with two members adapted to be drivingly connected to move at diiferent speeds, but always in the same direction relatively to each other, of a clutch mechanism comprising an automatic clutch for automatically connecting the two said members to moveat different speeds, in'accordance with the direction of driving pressure upon the said clutch.

22. The combination with two members adapted to be drivingly'connectedto move at different speeds, but always in the same direction relatively to each other, and gearing giving a different speed ratio, of an automatic clutch mechanism comprisinga clutch for. automatically connectingthe two said members to move at different speeds, in accordance with the direction of driving pres sure upon the said clutch.

23. The combination of two members adapted to be drivingly connected to move at different speeds, but always in the same direction relatively to each other, and alternative meansin connection therewith, for transmit ting motion from one member to the other at difierent speed ratios, said means including an automatic clutch mechanism for automat ically connecting the said members at one or other of the said speed ratios in accordance with the direction-of driving pressure thereon.

24. The combination with two members adapted to be drivingly connected tomove at difierent speeds, but always in the same'direction relatively to each other, and gearing, giving a difierent speed ratio, connected to one of said members, of-an automatic clutch mechanism comprising a clutch for automatically connecting the two said members, either directly, or through said gearing, in accord ance with the direction of driving pressure relatively to each other, of a driving mem-I ber, and an automatic clutch carried there-j by, adapted to automatically engage eithen' of said sleeves according to which direction pressure is applied to said driving member 26. The combination with three concentric sleeves mounted torotate about a common axis and always in the same direction relatively to each other, one of said sleeves com-I prising a driving member, of gearing con necting two of the said sleeves together to rotate at diiterent rates of speed, and a clutch automatically operated by pressure applied to the driving member in one direction of ro-. tation, or the other to connect one or other of the two said gear-connected sleeves to the third said sleeve, according to which direc-; tion the said pressure is applied. Ii

27. The combination with three concentric sleeves mounted to rotate about a common axis and always in the same direction rela-. tively to each other, one of said sleeves com-j prising a driving member, of gearing connecting two of the said sleeves together to ro-; tate at different rates of speed, and a clutch carried by said driving member, and automatically operated by pressure applied to the driving memberin. one direction of rotation,

1oi theother to connect one or other of the said pressure is applied. i

28. The combination withtwo concentric sleeves and gearing connecting same to rotate in the same direction, but at different speeds relatively to each other, of a clutch having two projections, one adapted to engage one said sleeve and the other to engage the other said sleeve, said clutch adapted, when moved in either direction, to operatively engage one sleeves and gearing connecting same to rotate i in the same direction, but at diflferent speeds relatively to each other, of a drivingmeniher, and a clutch carried thereby having two projections, one adapted to engage one said sleeve and the other to engage the other said sleeve, said clutch adapted, when moved in either direction, to operatively engage oneor other of said sleeves and to be moved entirely out of engagement and contact with the sleeve which at such time it does notoperatively engage.

30. The combination with three concentric sleeves mounted to rotate about a common axis and always in the same directionrelativelyto each other, one of said sleeves comprising a driving member, ofgearing connecting two of the said sleeves together to rotate at different rates of speed, and a clutch having two projections, each adapted to operatively connect one. or other ofthe two said gear-connected sleeves withithe thirdsaid sleeve, said clutch operated by pressure applied to the driving member in one direction of rotation for making one said connection, and in the other directionfor making the other said connection.

31. The combination with three concentric sleeves mounted to rotate about a common axis and always in the same direction relatively to each other, one of said sleeves commounted to rotate concentrically therewith,. gearing connecting two of the said sleevesto- .gether to rotateat diiferentrelative rates of speed, and a clutch for automatically connecting one. orthe other of the two said gear-conaccordance with the direction of driving pressureupon the said clutch.

33. In a bicycle, the combination with a wheel-hub, two sleeves mounted to rotate concentrically therewith, and gearing connecting one of said sleeves and said hub together to rotate at different relative rates of speed, of a clutch for automatically connecting one or the other of said sleeves with the said hub, in accordance with the direction of driving pressure upon the said clutch.

84. In a bicycle, the combination with a wheel-hub, two sleeves mounted to rotate concentrically therewith, and gearing connecting one of said sleeves and said hub together so that the said sleeve will rotate in the same direction as the said hub, but at a higher relative rate of speed, of a clutch for automatically connecting one or other of said sleeves with the said hub, in accordance with the direction of driving pressure upon the said clutch.

35. In a bicycle, the combination with a wheel-hub, a driving member mounted to rotate concentrically therewith, an intermediate sleeve mounted to rotate concentrically with the said driving member and hub, and gearing connecting said intermediate sleeve and said hub to rotate together so that the said intermediate sleeve will rotate in the same direction as the said hub, but ata higher relative rate of speed, of a clutch for automatically connecting the said driving member with the said intermediate sleeve, or directly with the said hub, in accordance With the direction of driving pressure upon the said clutch.

36. In a bicycle, the combination with a wheel-hub, a driving member mounted to rotate-concentrically therewith, an intermediate sleeve mounted to rotate concentrically with the said driving member and hub, and gearing connecting said intermediate sleeve and said hub to rotate together so that the said intermediate sleeve will rotate in the same direction as the said hub, but at a higher HAYWVOOD. 

